Lab2: Create a simple network and use a POX controller to control the behaviors of switch

[Description]

In the following script, we will use one of the default pox controllers, i.e. forwarding.l2_learning.

# This file is part of POX.

# POX is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify

# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by

# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or

# (at your option) any later version.

# POX is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,

# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of

# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the

# GNU General Public License for more details.

# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License

# along with POX. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

"""

An L2 learning switch.

It is derived from one written live for an SDN crash course.

It is somwhat similar to NOX's pyswitch in that it installs

exact-match rules for each flow.

"""

from pox.core import core

import pox.openflow.libopenflow_01 as of

from pox.lib.util import dpid_to_str

from pox.lib.util import str_to_bool

import time

log = core.getLogger()

# We don't want to flood immediately when a switch connects.

# Can be overriden on commandline.

_flood_delay = 0

class LearningSwitch (object):

"""

The learning switch "brain" associated with a single OpenFlow switch.

When we see a packet, we'd like to output it on a port which will

eventually lead to the destination. To accomplish this, we build a

table that maps addresses to ports.

We populate the table by observing traffic. When we see a packet

from some source coming from some port, we know that source is out

that port.

When we want to forward traffic, we look up the desintation in our

table. If we don't know the port, we simply send the message out

all ports except the one it came in on. (In the presence of loops,

this is bad!).

In short, our algorithm looks like this:

For each packet from the switch:

1) Use source address and switch port to update address/port table

2) Is transparent = False and either Ethertype is LLDP or the packet's

destination address is a Bridge Filtered address?

Yes:

2a) Drop packet -- don't forward link-local traffic (LLDP, 802.1x)

DONE

3) Is destination multicast?

Yes:

3a) Flood the packet

DONE

4) Port for destination address in our address/port table?

No:

4a) Flood the packet

DONE

5) Is output port the same as input port?

Yes:

5a) Drop packet and similar ones for a while

6) Install flow table entry in the switch so that this

flow goes out the appopriate port

6a) Send the packet out appropriate port

"""

def __init__ (self, connection, transparent):

# Switch we'll be adding L2 learning switch capabilities to

self.connection = connection

self.transparent = transparent

# Our table

self.macToPort = {}

# We want to hear PacketIn messages, so we listen

# to the connection

connection.addListeners(self)

# We just use this to know when to log a helpful message

self.hold_down_expired = _flood_delay == 0

#log.debug("Initializing LearningSwitch, transparent=%s",

# str(self.transparent))

def _handle_PacketIn (self, event):

"""

Handle packet in messages from the switch to implement above algorithm.

"""

packet = event.parsed

def flood (message = None):

""" Floods the packet """

msg = of.ofp_packet_out()

if time.time() - self.connection.connect_time >= _flood_delay:

# Only flood if we've been connected for a little while...

if self.hold_down_expired is False:

# Oh yes it is!

self.hold_down_expired = True

log.info("%s: Flood hold-down expired -- flooding",

dpid_to_str(event.dpid))

if message is not None: log.debug(message)

#log.debug("%i: flood %s -> %s", event.dpid,packet.src,packet.dst)

# OFPP_FLOOD is optional; on some switches you may need to change

# this to OFPP_ALL.

msg.actions.append(of.ofp_action_output(port = of.OFPP_FLOOD))

else:

pass

#log.info("Holding down flood for %s", dpid_to_str(event.dpid))

msg.data = event.ofp

msg.in_port = event.port

self.connection.send(msg)

def drop (duration = None):

"""

Drops this packet and optionally installs a flow to continue

dropping similar ones for a while

"""

if duration is not None:

if not isinstance(duration, tuple):

duration = (duration,duration)

msg = of.ofp_flow_mod()

msg.match = of.ofp_match.from_packet(packet)

msg.idle_timeout = duration[0]

msg.hard_timeout = duration[1]

msg.buffer_id = event.ofp.buffer_id

self.connection.send(msg)

elif event.ofp.buffer_id is not None:

msg = of.ofp_packet_out()

msg.buffer_id = event.ofp.buffer_id

msg.in_port = event.port

self.connection.send(msg)

self.macToPort[packet.src] = event.port # 1

if not self.transparent: # 2

if packet.type == packet.LLDP_TYPE or packet.dst.isBridgeFiltered():

drop() # 2a

return

if packet.dst.is_multicast:

flood() # 3a

else:

if packet.dst not in self.macToPort: # 4

flood("Port for %s unknown -- flooding" % (packet.dst,)) # 4a

else:

port = self.macToPort[packet.dst]

if port == event.port: # 5

# 5a

log.warning("Same port for packet from %s -> %s on %s.%s. Drop."

% (packet.src, packet.dst, dpid_to_str(event.dpid), port))

drop(10)

return

# 6

log.debug("installing flow for %s.%i -> %s.%i" %

(packet.src, event.port, packet.dst, port))

msg = of.ofp_flow_mod()

msg.match = of.ofp_match.from_packet(packet, event.port)

msg.idle_timeout = 10

msg.hard_timeout = 30

msg.actions.append(of.ofp_action_output(port = port))

msg.data = event.ofp # 6a

self.connection.send(msg)

class l2_learning (object):

"""

Waits for OpenFlow switches to connect and makes them learning switches.

"""

def __init__ (self, transparent):

core.openflow.addListeners(self)

self.transparent = transparent

def _handle_ConnectionUp (self, event):

log.debug("Connection %s" % (event.connection,))

LearningSwitch(event.connection, self.transparent)

def launch (transparent=False, hold_down=_flood_delay):

"""

Starts an L2 learning switch.

"""

try:

global _flood_delay

_flood_delay = int(str(hold_down), 10)

assert _flood_delay >= 0

except:

raise RuntimeError("Expected hold-down to be a number")

core.registerNew(l2_learning, str_to_bool(transparent))

[mymininet2.py]

#!/usr/bin/python

from mininet.net import Mininet

from mininet.node import Controller

from mininet.topo import SingleSwitchTopo

from mininet.log import setLogLevel

import os

class POXBridge( Controller ):

"Custom Controller class to invoke POX forwarding.l2_learning"

def start ( self ):

"Start POX learning switch"

self.pox = '%s/pox/pox.py' % os.environ[ 'HOME' ]

self.cmd( self.pox, 'forwarding.l2_learning &' )

#self.cmd( self.pox, 'forwarding.hub &' )

def stop ( self ):

"Stop POX"

self.cmd( 'kill %' + self.pox )

controllers = { 'poxbridge': POXBridge }

if __name__ == '__main__':

setLogLevel( 'info' )

net = Mininet( topo=SingleSwitchTopo( 2), controller=POXBridge )

net.start()

net.pingAll()

h1, h2 = net.get( 'h1', 'h2' )

#net.iperf((h1, h2))

result1=h1.cmd('ping -c 5 10.0.0.2')

print result1

result2=h2.cmd('ping -c 5 10.0.0.1')

print result2

net.stop()

[Execution]

Dr. Chih-Heng Ke (smallko@gmail.com)

Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering,

National Quemoy University, Kinmen, Taiwan.