Dynamic Round Robin Load Balancer (DRRLB)

[Topology]

H1 (10.0.1.1) -------(10.0.0.1) P4 (DRRLB) --------H2 (Simple HTTP Server, 10.0.2.2)

--------H3 (Simple HTTP Server, 10.0.3.3)

--------H4 (Simple HTTP Server, 10.0.4.4)

--------H5 (Simple HTTP Server, 10.0.5.5)

virtual ip :10.0.0.1

Originally, there are 4 backend webservers. When the user request load becomes lighter, we can reduce the number of serving web servers.

When load becomes heavy, we can add the serving web servers during runtime.

(basic16.p4)

#include <core.p4>

#include <v1model.p4>

struct meta_t {

bit<1> do_forward;

bit<32> ipv4_sa;

bit<32> ipv4_da;

bit<16> tcp_sp;

bit<16> tcp_dp;

bit<32> nhop_ipv4;

bit<32> if_ipv4_addr;

bit<48> if_mac_addr;

bit<1> is_ext_if;

bit<16> tcpLength;

bit<8> if_index;

}

struct mymetadata_t {

bit<13> flowlet_map_index;

bit<3> flowlet_select;

bit<3> myselect;

bit<3> max;

bit<3> old_max;

}

header arp_t {

bit<16> htype;

bit<16> ptype;

bit<8> hlen;

bit<8> plen;

bit<16> opcode;

bit<48> hwSrcAddr;

bit<32> protoSrcAddr;

bit<48> hwDstAddr;

bit<32> protoDstAddr;

}

header ethernet_t {

bit<48> dstAddr;

bit<48> srcAddr;

bit<16> etherType;

}

header ipv4_t {

bit<4> version;

bit<4> ihl;

bit<8> diffserv;

bit<16> totalLen;

bit<16> identification;

bit<3> flags;

bit<13> fragOffset;

bit<8> ttl;

bit<8> protocol;

bit<16> hdrChecksum;

bit<32> srcAddr;

bit<32> dstAddr;

}

header tcp_t {

bit<16> srcPort;

bit<16> dstPort;

bit<32> seqNo;

bit<32> ackNo;

bit<4> dataOffset;

bit<4> res;

bit<8> flags;

bit<16> window;

bit<16> checksum;

bit<16> urgentPtr;

}

header udp_t {

bit<16> srcPort;

bit<16> dstPort;

bit<16> length_;

bit<16> checksum;

}

struct metadata {

@name(".meta")

meta_t meta;

@name(".mymetadata")

mymetadata_t mymetadata;

}

struct headers {

@name(".arp")

arp_t arp;

@name(".ethernet")

ethernet_t ethernet;

@name(".ipv4")

ipv4_t ipv4;

@name(".tcp")

tcp_t tcp;

@name(".udp")

udp_t udp;

}

parser ParserImpl(packet_in packet, out headers hdr, inout metadata meta, inout standard_metadata_t standard_metadata) {

@name(".parse_arp") state parse_arp {

packet.extract(hdr.arp);

transition accept;

}

@name(".parse_ethernet") state parse_ethernet {

packet.extract(hdr.ethernet);

transition select(hdr.ethernet.etherType) {

16w0x800: parse_ipv4;

16w0x806: parse_arp;

default: accept;

}

}

@name(".parse_ipv4") state parse_ipv4 {

packet.extract(hdr.ipv4);

meta.meta.ipv4_sa = hdr.ipv4.srcAddr;

meta.meta.ipv4_da = hdr.ipv4.dstAddr;

meta.meta.tcpLength = hdr.ipv4.totalLen - 16w20;

transition select(hdr.ipv4.protocol) {

8w6: parse_tcp;

8w17: parse_udp;

default: accept;

}

}

@name(".parse_tcp") state parse_tcp {

packet.extract(hdr.tcp);

meta.meta.tcp_sp = hdr.tcp.srcPort;

meta.meta.tcp_dp = hdr.tcp.dstPort;

transition accept;

}

@name(".parse_udp") state parse_udp {

packet.extract(hdr.udp);

transition accept;

}

@name(".start") state start {

meta.meta.if_index = (bit<8>)standard_metadata.ingress_port;

transition parse_ethernet;

}

}

control egress(inout headers hdr, inout metadata meta, inout standard_metadata_t standard_metadata) {

@name("._drop") action _drop() {

mark_to_drop(standard_metadata);

}

@name(".rewrite_sip") action rewrite_sip(bit<32> sip) {

hdr.ipv4.srcAddr = sip;

}

@name(".nop") action nop() {

}

@name(".send_frame") table send_frame {

actions = {

_drop;

rewrite_sip;

nop;

}

key = {

standard_metadata.egress_port: exact;

}

size = 256;

}

apply {

send_frame.apply();

}

}

@name(".flowlet_select") register<bit<3>>(32w8192) flowlet_select;

@name(".myselect") register<bit<3>>(32w1) myselect;

register<bit<3>>(32w1) mymax;

control ingress(inout headers hdr, inout metadata meta, inout standard_metadata_t standard_metadata) {

@name("._drop") action _drop() {

mark_to_drop(standard_metadata);

}

@name(".set_ecmp_select") action set_ecmp_select() {

hash(meta.mymetadata.flowlet_map_index, HashAlgorithm.crc16, (bit<13>)0, { hdr.ipv4.srcAddr, hdr.ipv4.dstAddr, hdr.ipv4.protocol, hdr.tcp.srcPort, hdr.tcp.dstPort }, (bit<26>)8192);

flowlet_select.read(meta.mymetadata.flowlet_select, (bit<32>)meta.mymetadata.flowlet_map_index);

myselect.read(meta.mymetadata.myselect, (bit<32>)0);

meta.mymetadata.myselect = meta.mymetadata.myselect + 3w1;

meta.mymetadata.flowlet_select = (bit<3>)meta.mymetadata.myselect;

//meta.mymetadata.flowlet_select = meta.mymetadata.flowlet_select + 3w1;

myselect.write((bit<32>)0, (bit<3>)meta.mymetadata.myselect);

flowlet_select.write((bit<32>)meta.mymetadata.flowlet_map_index, (bit<3>)meta.mymetadata.flowlet_select);

}

@name(".nop") action nop() {

}

@name(".set_ecmp_nhop") action set_ecmp_nhop(bit<48> nhop_mac, bit<32> nhop_ipv4, bit<9> port) {

standard_metadata.egress_spec = port;

hdr.ipv4.dstAddr = nhop_ipv4;

hdr.ethernet.dstAddr = nhop_mac;

hdr.ipv4.ttl = hdr.ipv4.ttl + 8w255;

}

@name(".set_nhop") action set_nhop(bit<48> dmac, bit<9> port) {

standard_metadata.egress_spec = port;

hdr.ethernet.dstAddr = dmac;

hdr.ipv4.ttl = hdr.ipv4.ttl + 8w255;

}

@name(".read_flowlet_select") action read_flowlet_select() {

hash(meta.mymetadata.flowlet_map_index, HashAlgorithm.crc16, (bit<13>)0, { hdr.ipv4.srcAddr, hdr.ipv4.dstAddr, hdr.ipv4.protocol, hdr.tcp.srcPort, hdr.tcp.dstPort }, (bit<26>)8192);

flowlet_select.read(meta.mymetadata.flowlet_select, (bit<32>)meta.mymetadata.flowlet_map_index);

}

action _max(bit<3> max){

meta.mymetadata.max=max;

}

@name(".ecmp_group") table ecmp_group {

actions = {

_drop;

set_ecmp_select;

nop;

}

key = {

hdr.ipv4.dstAddr: lpm;

}

size = 1024;

}

@name(".ecmp_nhop") table ecmp_nhop {

actions = {

_drop;

set_ecmp_nhop;

nop;

}

key = {

meta.mymetadata.flowlet_select: exact;

}

size = 1024;

}

@name(".forward") table forward {

actions = {

_drop;

set_nhop;

nop;

read_flowlet_select;

}

key = {

hdr.ipv4.dstAddr: lpm;

}

size = 1024;

}

table set_max {

actions = {

_max;

}

key = {

hdr.ipv4.dstAddr: lpm;

}

size = 1;

}

apply {

forward.apply();

//set_max.apply();

if( set_max.apply().hit ) {

mymax.read(meta.mymetadata.old_max, (bit<32>)0);

if(meta.mymetadata.old_max!=meta.mymetadata.max) {

meta.mymetadata.myselect=0;

myselect.write((bit<32>)0, (bit<3>)meta.mymetadata.myselect);

mymax.write((bit<32>)0, (bit<3>)meta.mymetadata.max);

}

}

if (hdr.tcp.flags & 8w2 != 8w0) {

ecmp_group.apply();

}

if(hdr.ipv4.isValid()){

ecmp_nhop.apply();

}

if(hdr.ipv4.isValid() && hdr.ipv4.srcAddr==0x0a000101 && meta.mymetadata.flowlet_select==meta.mymetadata.max) {

meta.mymetadata.myselect=0;

myselect.write((bit<32>)0, (bit<3>)meta.mymetadata.myselect);

}

}

}

control DeparserImpl(packet_out packet, in headers hdr) {

apply {

packet.emit(hdr.ethernet);

packet.emit(hdr.arp);

packet.emit(hdr.ipv4);

packet.emit(hdr.udp);

packet.emit(hdr.tcp);

}

}

control verifyChecksum(inout headers hdr, inout metadata meta) {

apply {

verify_checksum(true, { hdr.ipv4.version, hdr.ipv4.ihl, hdr.ipv4.diffserv, hdr.ipv4.totalLen, hdr.ipv4.identification, hdr.ipv4.flags, hdr.ipv4.fragOffset, hdr.ipv4.ttl, hdr.ipv4.protocol, hdr.ipv4.srcAddr, hdr.ipv4.dstAddr }, hdr.ipv4.hdrChecksum, HashAlgorithm.csum16);

verify_checksum_with_payload(true, { hdr.ipv4.srcAddr, hdr.ipv4.dstAddr, 8w0, hdr.ipv4.protocol, meta.meta.tcpLength, hdr.tcp.srcPort, hdr.tcp.dstPort, hdr.tcp.seqNo, hdr.tcp.ackNo, hdr.tcp.dataOffset, hdr.tcp.res, hdr.tcp.flags, hdr.tcp.window, hdr.tcp.urgentPtr }, hdr.tcp.checksum, HashAlgorithm.csum16);

}

}

control computeChecksum(inout headers hdr, inout metadata meta) {

apply {

update_checksum(true, { hdr.ipv4.version, hdr.ipv4.ihl, hdr.ipv4.diffserv, hdr.ipv4.totalLen, hdr.ipv4.identification, hdr.ipv4.flags, hdr.ipv4.fragOffset, hdr.ipv4.ttl, hdr.ipv4.protocol, hdr.ipv4.srcAddr, hdr.ipv4.dstAddr }, hdr.ipv4.hdrChecksum, HashAlgorithm.csum16);

update_checksum_with_payload(true, { hdr.ipv4.srcAddr, hdr.ipv4.dstAddr, 8w0, hdr.ipv4.protocol, meta.meta.tcpLength, hdr.tcp.srcPort, hdr.tcp.dstPort, hdr.tcp.seqNo, hdr.tcp.ackNo, hdr.tcp.dataOffset, hdr.tcp.res, hdr.tcp.flags, hdr.tcp.window, hdr.tcp.urgentPtr }, hdr.tcp.checksum, HashAlgorithm.csum16);

}

}

V1Switch(ParserImpl(), verifyChecksum(), ingress(), egress(), computeChecksum(), DeparserImpl()) main;

(test_topo.py)

import os

from mininet.net import Containernet

from mininet.topo import Topo

from mininet.log import setLogLevel, info

from mininet.cli import CLI

from mininet.node import RemoteController

from mininet.node import Docker

from p4_mininet import P4Switch, P4Host

import argparse

from time import sleep

parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='Mininet demo')

parser.add_argument('--behavioral-exe', help='Path to behavioral executable',

type=str, action="store", required=False, default='simple_switch' )

parser.add_argument('--thrift-port', help='Thrift server port for table updates',

type=int, action="store", default=9090)

parser.add_argument('--num-hosts', help='Number of hosts to connect to switch',

type=int, action="store", default=2)

parser.add_argument('--mode', choices=['l2', 'l3'], type=str, default='l3')

parser.add_argument('--json', help='Path to JSON config file',

type=str, action="store", required=True)

parser.add_argument('--pcap-dump', help='Dump packets on interfaces to pcap files',

type=str, action="store", required=False, default=False)

args = parser.parse_args()

def main():

net = Containernet(host = P4Host, controller = None)

switch1 = net.addSwitch('s1', sw_path = args.behavioral_exe, json_path = args.json, thrift_port = args.thrift_port, cls = P4Switch, pcap_dump = args.pcap_dump)

host1 = net.addHost('h1', mac = '00:00:00:00:01:01', ip="10.0.1.1/24")

host2 = net.addHost('h2', mac = '00:00:00:00:02:02', ip= '10.0.2.2/24')

host3 = net.addHost('h3', mac = '00:00:00:00:03:03', ip= '10.0.3.3/24')

host4 = net.addHost('h4', mac = '00:00:00:00:04:04', ip= '10.0.4.4/24')

host5 = net.addHost('h5', mac = '00:00:00:00:05:05', ip= '10.0.5.5/24')

net.addLink(host1, switch1, port1 = 0, port2 = 1)

net.addLink(host2, switch1, port1 = 0, port2 = 2)

net.addLink(host3, switch1, port1 = 0, port2 = 3)

net.addLink(host4, switch1, port1 = 0, port2 = 4)

net.addLink(host5, switch1, port1 = 0, port2 = 5)

net.start()

h1,h2,h3,h4,h5=net.get('h1','h2','h3','h4','h5')

h1.cmd("arp -s 10.0.1.254 00:00:00:01:01:01")

h1.cmd("ip route add default via 10.0.1.254")

h1.cmd("ethtool -K eth0 tx off rx off")

h2.cmd("arp -s 10.0.2.254 00:00:00:02:02:02")

h2.cmd("ip route del default")

h2.cmd("ip route add default via 10.0.2.254")

h2.cmd("ethtool -K h2-eth0 tx off rx off")

h3.cmd("arp -s 10.0.3.254 00:00:00:03:03:03")

h3.cmd("ip route del default")

h3.cmd("ip route add default via 10.0.3.254")

h3.cmd("ethtool -K h3-eth0 tx off rx off")

h4.cmd("arp -s 10.0.4.254 00:00:00:04:04:04")

h4.cmd("ip route del default")

h4.cmd("ip route add default via 10.0.4.254")

h4.cmd("ethtool -K h4-eth0 tx off rx off")

h5.cmd("arp -s 10.0.5.254 00:00:00:05:05:05")

h5.cmd("ip route del default")

h5.cmd("ip route add default via 10.0.5.254")

h5.cmd("ethtool -K h5-eth0 tx off rx off")

sleep(1)

print('\033[0;32m'),

print "Gotcha!"

print('\033[0m')

CLI(net)

try:

net.stop()

except:

print('\033[0;31m'),

print('Stop error! Trying sudo mn -c')

print('\033[0m')

os.system('sudo mn -c')

print('\033[0;32m'),

print ('Stop successfully!')

print('\033[0m')

if __name__ == '__main__':

setLogLevel('info')

main()

(cmd.txt)

table_set_default forward nop

table_set_default ecmp_group nop

table_set_default ecmp_nhop nop

table_set_default send_frame nop

table_add forward set_nhop 10.0.1.1/32 => 00:00:00:00:01:01 1

table_add forward set_nhop 10.0.2.2/32 => 00:00:00:00:02:02 2

table_add forward set_nhop 10.0.3.3/32 => 00:00:00:00:03:03 3

table_add forward set_nhop 10.0.4.4/32 => 00:00:00:00:04:04 4

table_add forward set_nhop 10.0.5.5/32 => 00:00:00:00:05:05 5

table_add set_max _max 10.0.0.1/32 => 4

table_add forward read_flowlet_select 10.0.0.1/32 =>

table_add ecmp_group set_ecmp_select 10.0.0.1/32 =>

table_add ecmp_nhop set_ecmp_nhop 1 => 00:00:00:00:02:02 10.0.2.2 2

table_add ecmp_nhop set_ecmp_nhop 2 => 00:00:00:00:03:03 10.0.3.3 3

table_add ecmp_nhop set_ecmp_nhop 3 => 00:00:00:00:04:04 10.0.4.4 4

table_add ecmp_nhop set_ecmp_nhop 4 => 00:00:00:00:05:05 10.0.5.5 5

table_add send_frame rewrite_sip 1 => 10.0.0.1

(cmd_add.txt)

import os

os.system('sudo /home/vagrant/behavioral-model/targets/simple_switch/simple_switch_CLI --thrift-port=9090 < cmd.txt')

(start_test_topo.py)

import os

os.system("sudo python test_topo.py --behavioral-exe /home/vagrant/behavioral-model/targets/simple_switch/simple_switch --json basic.json")

(p4_mininet.py)

# Copyright 2013-present Barefoot Networks, Inc.

#

# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");

# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.

# You may obtain a copy of the License at

#

# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

#

# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software

# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,

# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.

# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and

# limitations under the License.

#

from mininet.net import Mininet

from mininet.node import Switch, Host

from mininet.log import setLogLevel, info, error, debug

from mininet.moduledeps import pathCheck

from sys import exit

import os

import tempfile

import socket

class P4Host(Host):

def config(self, **params):

r = super(Host, self).config(**params)

self.defaultIntf().rename("eth0")

for off in ["rx", "tx", "sg"]:

cmd = "/sbin/ethtool --offload eth0 %s off" % off

self.cmd(cmd)

# disable IPv6

self.cmd("sysctl -w net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6=1")

self.cmd("sysctl -w net.ipv6.conf.default.disable_ipv6=1")

self.cmd("sysctl -w net.ipv6.conf.lo.disable_ipv6=1")

return r

def describe(self):

print "**********"

print self.name

print "default interface: %s\t%s\t%s" %(

self.defaultIntf().name,

self.defaultIntf().IP(),

self.defaultIntf().MAC()

)

print "**********"

class P4Switch(Switch):

"""P4 virtual switch"""

device_id = 0

def __init__(self, name, sw_path = None, json_path = None,

thrift_port = None,

pcap_dump = False,

log_console = True,

verbose = True,

device_id = None,

enable_debugger = False,

**kwargs):

Switch.__init__(self, name, **kwargs)

assert(sw_path)

assert(json_path)

# make sure that the provided sw_path is valid

pathCheck(sw_path)

# make sure that the provided JSON file exists

if not os.path.isfile(json_path):

error("Invalid JSON file.\n")

exit(1)

self.sw_path = sw_path

self.json_path = json_path

self.verbose = verbose

logfile = "/tmp/p4s.{}.log".format(self.name)

self.output = open(logfile, 'w')

self.thrift_port = thrift_port

self.pcap_dump = pcap_dump

self.enable_debugger = enable_debugger

self.log_console = log_console

if device_id is not None:

self.device_id = device_id

P4Switch.device_id = max(P4Switch.device_id, device_id)

else:

self.device_id = P4Switch.device_id

P4Switch.device_id += 1

self.nanomsg = "ipc:///tmp/bm-{}-log.ipc".format(self.device_id)

@classmethod

def setup(cls):

pass

def check_switch_started(self, pid):

"""While the process is running (pid exists), we check if the Thrift

server has been started. If the Thrift server is ready, we assume that

the switch was started successfully. This is only reliable if the Thrift

server is started at the end of the init process"""

while True:

if not os.path.exists(os.path.join("/proc", str(pid))):

return False

sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)

sock.settimeout(0.5)

result = sock.connect_ex(("localhost", self.thrift_port))

if result == 0:

return True

def start(self, controllers):

"Start up a new P4 switch"

info("Starting P4 switch {}.\n".format(self.name))

args = [self.sw_path]

for port, intf in self.intfs.items():

if not intf.IP():

args.extend(['-i', str(port) + "@" + intf.name])

#wuwzhs edit in 2017/11/10

#args.extend(['-i 3@veth1'])

if self.pcap_dump:

args.append("--pcap")

# args.append("--useFiles")

if self.thrift_port:

args.extend(['--thrift-port', str(self.thrift_port)])

if self.nanomsg:

args.extend(['--nanolog', self.nanomsg])

args.extend(['--device-id', str(self.device_id)])

P4Switch.device_id += 1

args.append(self.json_path)

if self.enable_debugger:

args.append("--debugger")

if self.log_console:

args.append("--log-console")

logfile = "/tmp/p4s.{}.log".format(self.name)

info(' '.join(args) + "\n")

pid = None

with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile() as f:

# self.cmd(' '.join(args) + ' > /dev/null 2>&1 &')

self.cmd(' '.join(args) + ' >' + logfile + ' 2>&1 & echo $! >> ' + f.name)

pid = int(f.read())

debug("P4 switch {} PID is {}.\n".format(self.name, pid))

if not self.check_switch_started(pid):

error("P4 switch {} did not start correctly.\n".format(self.name))

exit(1)

info("P4 switch {} has been started.\n".format(self.name))

def stop(self):

"Terminate P4 switch."

self.output.flush()

self.cmd('kill %' + self.sw_path)

self.cmd('wait')

self.deleteIntfs()

def attach(self, intf):

"Connect a data port"

assert(0)

def detach(self, intf):

"Disconnect a data port"

assert(0)

Execution

Open terminal for h1, h2, h3, h4, and h5 and start the web server at h2,h3,h4,and h5

Using curl to test the round robin (we can see that each server provide the service in a round-robin way)

Change the number of serving web servers to 2.

Only h2 and h3 provide service.

Change the number of serving web servers to 3. And h2, h3, and h4 provide service.

Dr. Chih-Heng Ke (smallko@gmail.com)

Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering,

National Quemoy University, Kinmen, Taiwan.